The bionomy of sandflies plays a pivotal role in the transmission of leishmaniasis. These tiny insects, belonging to the Phlebotominae subfamily, thrive in diverse ecological niches, ranging from tropical rainforests to arid deserts. Female sandflies, requiring blood for egg development, become vectors when they feed on infected hosts. During this blood meal, Leishmania parasites are ingested and later develop within the sandfly, ultimately migrating to the proboscis. When the infected sandfly feeds on another host, it inadvertently transmits the parasites, perpetuating the cycle of leishmaniasis. The bionomy of sandflies is intimately linked to environmental factors, host availability, and the presence of the Leishmania parasites, making it a critical aspect of understanding and controlling the spread of this neglected tropical disease.